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691.
692.
John Cairns Jr. 《Environmental management》1990,14(5):517-526
An inadequate basis for precisely predicting the outcome of lotic ecosystem recovery, whether due to unaided natural processes
or management techniques or both, exists because: (1) the field of ecology has not yet matured as a rigorous predictive science;
(2) the precise sequence of events, including climatic occurrences, affecting the recovery process may be unique events and
thus rarely or never repeated; and (3) even when attempts are made to control the recolonization process through introduction
of species, etc., the interaction of these species may not follow deterministic models. Although this symposium focuses on
lotic ecosystems, such systems are influenced strongly by exports from the surrounding land mass and, under certain circumstances,
this may be the overriding influence on the recovery process; therefore, unless the boundary conditions are determined realistically,
the recovery process may not follow desirable pathways. Despite the lack of a robust theoretical support base for lotic ecosystem
recovery, some remarkable and rapid recoveries have occurred to either a close approximation of the original condition or
to a condition ecologically superior to the damaged condition. In some cases, the recovery was due entirely to natural processes
and, in others, often followed relatively straightforward management practices. There is evidence indicating that lotic ecosystem
restoration is both cost effective and likely to produce satisfying results relatively rapidly. It is both fortunate that
this is the case, since society is likely to support such efforts when the results have been extraordinarily successful, and
unfortunate since restoration ecology needs a predictive capability. 相似文献
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Policymakers today are faced with a difficult task of planning for large scale infrastructure that can cater to the climatic and socio-economic changes that the future will bring. To address the deeply uncertain nature resulting from long-term changes, it is becoming necessary to develop strategies that support flexibility and react more strategically than traditional planning approaches. This paper applies the concept of adaptation tipping points and adaptation pathways to a case study in Singapore for the planning of long-term urban drainage infrastructure. Using conventional grey and sustainable green solutions in isolation and in combination, adaptation pathway maps are developed and compared across outlined climatic and landuse scenarios. To understand and justify if the imparted flexibility is worth its cost, economic assessments are performed. This is a valuable extension of the existing framework, helps to identify the preferred configuration of land use and sub-select adaptation actions that should be implemented at the current time frame. The main finding of this study is that the adaptation pathways map for the sustainable grey landuse scenario economically outperforms those of the other outlined land uses. This provides a valuable insight for policy makers, as it implies that if carefully planned development is undertaken, the requirements of storm water management can be met in a sustainable manner, while simultaneously freeing up land for other purposes. This is especially important in the context of highly dense urban areas such as Singapore, where land is a scare resource. 相似文献
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In this paper, the oxidation of tert-butyl formate (TBF) in aqueous solution by an ozone/UV process was described. The oxidation process was investigated experimentally in a semibatch reactor. The results of the study indicated that the ozone/UV process was very effective in oxidizing TBF. tert-Butyl alcohol (TBA), hydroxy-iso-butyraldehyde (HiBA), acetone, formaldehyde, and formic acid were identified as major primary intermediates during the oxidation of TBF. About 90% organic carbon balance was obtained indicating that most reaction intermediates have been identified and quantified. Some of the primary intermediates were also oxidized in the ozone/UV system. Accordingly, HiBA, acetone, formaldehyde, and formic acid were the primary intermediates of TBA oxidation. The oxidation of acetone in the ozone/UV system generated formaldehyde, pyruvaldehyde, acetic acid, formic acid as primary intermediates. It was also observed that the reaction intermediates formed during the oxidation of TBF react well in the ozone/UV system and complete mineralization could be achieved by the process. 相似文献
698.
Y型分子筛负载铁催化剂对活性艳蓝KN-R脱色的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用Y型分子筛负载铁催化剂对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色进行研究,探讨了催化剂的制备方法、铁负载量、投加剂量、反应体系pH值以及焙烧温度对活性艳蓝KN-R催化脱色效率的影响,并考察了催化剂的重复利用性能.结果表明:离子交换法制得的Y型分子筛负载铁催化剂表现出较佳的染料脱色性能.在pH<3.0,H2O2投加剂量为50.0 mmol·l-1,催化剂投加剂量为4.0g·l-1的条件下,对初始浓度为250mg·l-1的KN-R模拟染料废水,30 min之内脱色率达95%以上.采用有机酸络合铁作为铁源制得的Y型分子筛负载铁催化剂的催化活性大幅增强,但催化剂稳定性降低.铁负载量影响染料的脱色反应活性,过量负载会导致染料脱色效率降低;同样,适度增大催化剂用量可促进染料脱色效率,但过量投加不利于染料的脱色.pH<3.0为该Y型分子筛负载铁催化剂的适用pH条件;催化剂重复利用三次后,1h内对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色率仍可达95%以上. 相似文献
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700.